2019
|
 | Kangsoo Kim; Ryan Schubert; Jason Hochreiter; Gerd Bruder; Gregory Welch Blowing in the Wind: Increasing Social Presence with a Virtual Human via Environmental Airflow Interaction in Mixed Reality Journal Article In: Elsevier Computers and Graphics, 83 (October 2019), pp. 23-32, 2019. Abstract | BibTeX | Links:   @article{Kim2019blow,
title = {Blowing in the Wind: Increasing Social Presence with a Virtual Human via Environmental Airflow Interaction in Mixed Reality},
author = {Kangsoo Kim and Ryan Schubert and Jason Hochreiter and Gerd Bruder and Gregory Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ELSEVIER_C_G2019_Special_BlowWindinMR_ICAT_EGVE2018_20190606_reduced.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.cag.2019.06.006},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-05},
journal = {Elsevier Computers and Graphics},
volume = {83},
number = {October 2019},
pages = {23-32},
abstract = {In this paper, we describe two human-subject studies in which we explored and investigated the effects of subtle multimodal interaction on social presence with a virtual human (VH) in mixed reality (MR). In the studies, participants interacted with a VH, which was co-located with them across a table, with two different platforms: a projection based MR environment and an optical see-through head-mounted display (OST-HMD) based MR environment. While the two studies were not intended to be directly comparable, the second study with an OST-HMD was carefully designed based on the insights and lessons learned from the first projection-based study. For both studies, we compared two levels of gradually increased multimodal interaction: (i) virtual objects being affected by real airflow (e.g., as commonly experienced with fans during warm weather), and (ii) a VH showing awareness of this airflow. We hypothesized that our two levels of treatment would increase the sense of being together with the VH gradually, i.e., participants would report higher social presence with airflow influence than without it, and the social presence would be even higher when the VH showed awareness of the airflow. We observed an increased social presence in the second study when both physical–virtual interaction via airflow and VH awareness behaviors were present, but we observed no clear difference in participant-reported social presence with the VH in the first study. As the considered environmental factors are incidental to the direct interaction with the real human, i.e., they are not significant or necessary for the interaction task, they can provide a reasonably generalizable approach to increase social presence in HMD-based MR environments beyond the specific scenario and environment described here.},
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pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper, we describe two human-subject studies in which we explored and investigated the effects of subtle multimodal interaction on social presence with a virtual human (VH) in mixed reality (MR). In the studies, participants interacted with a VH, which was co-located with them across a table, with two different platforms: a projection based MR environment and an optical see-through head-mounted display (OST-HMD) based MR environment. While the two studies were not intended to be directly comparable, the second study with an OST-HMD was carefully designed based on the insights and lessons learned from the first projection-based study. For both studies, we compared two levels of gradually increased multimodal interaction: (i) virtual objects being affected by real airflow (e.g., as commonly experienced with fans during warm weather), and (ii) a VH showing awareness of this airflow. We hypothesized that our two levels of treatment would increase the sense of being together with the VH gradually, i.e., participants would report higher social presence with airflow influence than without it, and the social presence would be even higher when the VH showed awareness of the airflow. We observed an increased social presence in the second study when both physical–virtual interaction via airflow and VH awareness behaviors were present, but we observed no clear difference in participant-reported social presence with the VH in the first study. As the considered environmental factors are incidental to the direct interaction with the real human, i.e., they are not significant or necessary for the interaction task, they can provide a reasonably generalizable approach to increase social presence in HMD-based MR environments beyond the specific scenario and environment described here. |
2018
|
 | Kangsoo Kim Environmental Physical–Virtual Interaction to Improve Social Presence of a Virtual Human in Mixed Reality PhD Thesis The University of Central Florida, 2018. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @phdthesis{Kim2018Thesis,
title = {Environmental Physical–Virtual Interaction to Improve Social Presence of a Virtual Human in Mixed Reality},
author = {Kangsoo Kim},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/KangsooKIM_PhD_Dissertation_20181119.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-21},
school = {The University of Central Florida},
abstract = {Interactive Virtual Humans (VHs) are increasingly used to replace or assist real humans in various applications, e.g., military and medical training, education, or entertainment. In most VH research, the perceived social presence with a VH, which denotes the user's sense of being socially connected or co-located with the VH, is the decisive factor in evaluating the social influence of the VH—a phenomenon where human users' emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by the VH. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop new knowledge about how characteristics and behaviors of a VH in a Mixed Reality (MR) environment can affect the perception of and resulting behavior with the VH, and to find effective and efficient ways to improve the quality and performance of social interactions with VHs. Important issues and challenges in real–virtual human interactions in MR, e.g., lack of physical–virtual interaction, are identified and discussed through several user studies incorporating interactions with VH systems. In the studies, different features of VHs are prototyped and evaluated, such as a VH's ability to be aware of and influence the surrounding physical environment, while measuring objective behavioral data as well as collecting subjective responses from the participants. The results from the studies support the idea that the VH's aware- ness and influence of the physical environment can improve not only the perceived social presence with the VH, but also the trustworthiness of the VH within a social context. The findings will contribute towards designing more influential VHs that can benefit a wide range of simulation and training applications for which a high level of social realism is important, and that can be more easily incorporated into our daily lives as social companions, providing reliable relationships and convenience in assisting with daily tasks.},
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tppubtype = {phdthesis}
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Interactive Virtual Humans (VHs) are increasingly used to replace or assist real humans in various applications, e.g., military and medical training, education, or entertainment. In most VH research, the perceived social presence with a VH, which denotes the user's sense of being socially connected or co-located with the VH, is the decisive factor in evaluating the social influence of the VH—a phenomenon where human users' emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by the VH. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop new knowledge about how characteristics and behaviors of a VH in a Mixed Reality (MR) environment can affect the perception of and resulting behavior with the VH, and to find effective and efficient ways to improve the quality and performance of social interactions with VHs. Important issues and challenges in real–virtual human interactions in MR, e.g., lack of physical–virtual interaction, are identified and discussed through several user studies incorporating interactions with VH systems. In the studies, different features of VHs are prototyped and evaluated, such as a VH's ability to be aware of and influence the surrounding physical environment, while measuring objective behavioral data as well as collecting subjective responses from the participants. The results from the studies support the idea that the VH's aware- ness and influence of the physical environment can improve not only the perceived social presence with the VH, but also the trustworthiness of the VH within a social context. The findings will contribute towards designing more influential VHs that can benefit a wide range of simulation and training applications for which a high level of social realism is important, and that can be more easily incorporated into our daily lives as social companions, providing reliable relationships and convenience in assisting with daily tasks. |
 | Kangsoo Kim; Gerd Bruder; Gregory F. Welch Blowing in the Wind: Increasing Copresence with a Virtual Human via Airflow Influence in Augmented Reality Inproceedings In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments (ICAT-EGVE 2018), Limassol, Cyprus, November 7–9, 2018, pp. 183-190, 2018, (Honorable Mention Award). Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Kim2018c,
title = {Blowing in the Wind: Increasing Copresence with a Virtual Human via Airflow Influence in Augmented Reality},
author = {Kangsoo Kim and Gerd Bruder and Gregory F. Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Kim_Airflow_ICAT_EGVE2018.pdf},
doi = {10.2312/egve.20181332},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-07},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments (ICAT-EGVE 2018), Limassol, Cyprus, November 7–9, 2018},
pages = {183-190},
abstract = {In a social context where two or more interlocutors interact with each other in the same space, one's sense of copresence with the others is an important factor for the quality of communication and engagement in the interaction. Although augmented reality (AR) technology enables the superposition of virtual humans (VHs) as interlocutors in the real world, the resulting sense of copresence is usually far lower than with a real human interlocutor.
In this paper, we describe a human-subject study in which we explored and investigated the effects that subtle multi-modal interaction between the virtual environment and the real world, where a VH and human participants were co-located, can have on copresence. We compared two levels of gradually increased multi-modal interaction: (i) virtual objects being affected by real airflow as commonly experienced with fans in summer, and (ii) a VH showing awareness of this airflow. We chose airflow as one example of an environmental factor that can noticeably affect both the real and virtual worlds, and also cause subtle responses in interlocutors. We hypothesized that our two levels of treatment would increase the sense of being together with the VH gradually, i.e., participants would report higher copresence with airflow influence than without it, and the copresence would be even higher when the VH shows awareness of the airflow. The statistical analysis with the participant-reported copresence scores showed that there was an improvement of the perceived copresence with the VH when both the physical–virtual interactivity via airflow and the VH's awareness behaviors were present together. As the considered environmental factors are directed at the VH, i.e., they are not part of the direct interaction with the real human, they can provide a reasonably generalizable approach to support copresence in AR beyond the particular use case in the present experiment.},
note = {Honorable Mention Award},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In a social context where two or more interlocutors interact with each other in the same space, one's sense of copresence with the others is an important factor for the quality of communication and engagement in the interaction. Although augmented reality (AR) technology enables the superposition of virtual humans (VHs) as interlocutors in the real world, the resulting sense of copresence is usually far lower than with a real human interlocutor.
In this paper, we describe a human-subject study in which we explored and investigated the effects that subtle multi-modal interaction between the virtual environment and the real world, where a VH and human participants were co-located, can have on copresence. We compared two levels of gradually increased multi-modal interaction: (i) virtual objects being affected by real airflow as commonly experienced with fans in summer, and (ii) a VH showing awareness of this airflow. We chose airflow as one example of an environmental factor that can noticeably affect both the real and virtual worlds, and also cause subtle responses in interlocutors. We hypothesized that our two levels of treatment would increase the sense of being together with the VH gradually, i.e., participants would report higher copresence with airflow influence than without it, and the copresence would be even higher when the VH shows awareness of the airflow. The statistical analysis with the participant-reported copresence scores showed that there was an improvement of the perceived copresence with the VH when both the physical–virtual interactivity via airflow and the VH's awareness behaviors were present together. As the considered environmental factors are directed at the VH, i.e., they are not part of the direct interaction with the real human, they can provide a reasonably generalizable approach to support copresence in AR beyond the particular use case in the present experiment. |
 | Nahal Norouzi; Kangsoo Kim; Jason Hochreiter; Myungho Lee; Salam Daher; Gerd Bruder; Gregory Welch A Systematic Survey of 15 Years of User Studies Published in the Intelligent Virtual Agents Conference Inproceedings In: IVA '18 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, pp. 17-22, ACM ACM, 2018, ISBN: 978-1-4503-6013-5/18/11. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Norouzi2018c,
title = {A Systematic Survey of 15 Years of User Studies Published in the Intelligent Virtual Agents Conference},
author = {Nahal Norouzi and Kangsoo Kim and Jason Hochreiter and Myungho Lee and Salam Daher and Gerd Bruder and Gregory Welch },
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/p17-norouzi-2.pdf},
doi = {10.1145/3267851.3267901},
isbn = {978-1-4503-6013-5/18/11},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-05},
booktitle = {IVA '18 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents},
pages = {17-22},
publisher = {ACM},
organization = {ACM},
abstract = {The field of intelligent virtual agents (IVAs) has evolved immensely over the past 15 years, introducing new application opportunities in areas such as training, health care, and virtual assistants. In this survey paper, we provide a systematic review of the most influential user studies published in the IVA conference from 2001 to 2015 focusing on IVA development, human perception, and interactions. A total of 247 papers with 276 user studies have been classified and reviewed based on their contributions and impact. We identify the different areas of research and provide a summary of the papers with the highest impact. With the trends of past user studies and the current state of technology, we provide insights into future trends and research challenges.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
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The field of intelligent virtual agents (IVAs) has evolved immensely over the past 15 years, introducing new application opportunities in areas such as training, health care, and virtual assistants. In this survey paper, we provide a systematic review of the most influential user studies published in the IVA conference from 2001 to 2015 focusing on IVA development, human perception, and interactions. A total of 247 papers with 276 user studies have been classified and reviewed based on their contributions and impact. We identify the different areas of research and provide a summary of the papers with the highest impact. With the trends of past user studies and the current state of technology, we provide insights into future trends and research challenges. |
 | Kangsoo Kim; Luke Boelling; Steffen Haesler; Jeremy N. Bailenson; Gerd Bruder; Gregory F. Welch Does a Digital Assistant Need a Body? The Influence of Visual Embodiment and Social Behavior on the Perception of Intelligent Virtual Agents in AR Inproceedings In: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2018), Munich, Germany, October 16–20, 2018, 2018. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Kim2018a,
title = {Does a Digital Assistant Need a Body? The Influence of Visual Embodiment and Social Behavior on the Perception of Intelligent Virtual Agents in AR},
author = {Kangsoo Kim and Luke Boelling and Steffen Haesler and Jeremy N. Bailenson and Gerd Bruder and Gregory F. Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kim2018a.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/ISMAR.2018.00039},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-16},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2018), Munich, Germany, October 16–20, 2018},
abstract = {Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) are becoming part of our everyday life, thanks to artificial intelligence technology and Internet of Things devices. For example, users can control their connected home appliances through natural voice commands to the IVA. However, most current-state commercial IVAs, such as Amazon Alexa, mainly focus on voice commands and voice feedback, and lack the ability to provide non-verbal cues which are an important part of social interaction. Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to overcome this challenge by providing a visual embodiment of the IVA.
In this paper we investigate how visual embodiment and social behaviors influence the perception of the IVA. We hypothesize that a user's confidence in an IVA's ability to perform tasks is improved when imbuing the agent with a human body and social behaviors compared to the agent solely depending on voice feedback. In other words, an agent's embodied gesture and locomotion behavior exhibiting awareness of the surrounding real world or exerting influence over the environment can improve the perceived social presence with and confidence in the agent. We present a human-subject study, in which we evaluated the hypothesis and compared different forms of IVAs with speech, gesturing, and locomotion behaviors in an interactive AR scenario. The results show support for the hypothesis with measures of confidence, trust, and social presence. We discuss implications for future developments in the field of IVAs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) are becoming part of our everyday life, thanks to artificial intelligence technology and Internet of Things devices. For example, users can control their connected home appliances through natural voice commands to the IVA. However, most current-state commercial IVAs, such as Amazon Alexa, mainly focus on voice commands and voice feedback, and lack the ability to provide non-verbal cues which are an important part of social interaction. Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to overcome this challenge by providing a visual embodiment of the IVA.
In this paper we investigate how visual embodiment and social behaviors influence the perception of the IVA. We hypothesize that a user's confidence in an IVA's ability to perform tasks is improved when imbuing the agent with a human body and social behaviors compared to the agent solely depending on voice feedback. In other words, an agent's embodied gesture and locomotion behavior exhibiting awareness of the surrounding real world or exerting influence over the environment can improve the perceived social presence with and confidence in the agent. We present a human-subject study, in which we evaluated the hypothesis and compared different forms of IVAs with speech, gesturing, and locomotion behaviors in an interactive AR scenario. The results show support for the hypothesis with measures of confidence, trust, and social presence. We discuss implications for future developments in the field of IVAs. |
![[POSTER] Seeing is Believing: Improving the Perceived Trust in Visually Embodied Alexa in Augmented Reality](https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Haesler2018Thumb-300x189.png) | Steffen Haesler; Kangsoo Kim; Gerd Bruder; Gregory F. Welch [POSTER] Seeing is Believing: Improving the Perceived Trust in Visually Embodied Alexa in Augmented Reality Inproceedings In: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2018), Munich, Germany, October 16–20, 2018, 2018. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Haesler2018,
title = {[POSTER] Seeing is Believing: Improving the Perceived Trust in Visually Embodied Alexa in Augmented Reality},
author = {Steffen Haesler and Kangsoo Kim and Gerd Bruder and Gregory F. Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Haesler2018.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct.2018.00067},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-16},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2018), Munich, Germany, October 16–20, 2018},
abstract = {Voice-activated Intelligent Virtual Assistants (IVAs) such as Amazon Alexa offer a natural and realistic form of interaction that pursues the level of social interaction among real humans. The user experience with such technologies depends to a large degree on the perceived trust in and reliability of the IVA. In this poster, we explore the effects of a three-dimensional embodied representation of Amazon Alexa in Augmented Reality (AR) on the user’s perceived trust in her being able to control Internet of Things (IoT) devices in a smart home environment. We present a preliminary study and discuss the potential of positive effects in perceived trust due to the embodied representation compared to a voice-only condition.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Voice-activated Intelligent Virtual Assistants (IVAs) such as Amazon Alexa offer a natural and realistic form of interaction that pursues the level of social interaction among real humans. The user experience with such technologies depends to a large degree on the perceived trust in and reliability of the IVA. In this poster, we explore the effects of a three-dimensional embodied representation of Amazon Alexa in Augmented Reality (AR) on the user’s perceived trust in her being able to control Internet of Things (IoT) devices in a smart home environment. We present a preliminary study and discuss the potential of positive effects in perceived trust due to the embodied representation compared to a voice-only condition. |
 | Kangsoo Kim; Mark Billinghurst; Gerd Bruder; Henry Been-Lirn Duh; Gregory F. Welch Revisiting Trends in Augmented Reality Research: A Review of the 2nd Decade of ISMAR (2008–2017) Journal Article In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24 (11), pp. 2947-2962, 2018, ISSN: 1077-2626. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Kim2018b,
title = {Revisiting Trends in Augmented Reality Research: A Review of the 2nd Decade of ISMAR (2008–2017)},
author = {Kangsoo Kim and Mark Billinghurst and Gerd Bruder and Henry Been-Lirn Duh and Gregory F. Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kim2018b.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2018.2868591},
issn = {1077-2626},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-06},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
volume = {24},
number = {11},
pages = {2947-2962},
abstract = {In 2008, Zhou et al. presented a survey paper summarizing the previous ten years of ISMAR publications, which provided invaluable insights into the research challenges and trends associated with that time period. Ten years later, we review the research that has been presented at ISMAR conferences since the survey of Zhou et al., at a time when both academia and the AR industry are enjoying dramatic technological changes. Here we consider the research results and trends of the last decade of ISMAR by carefully reviewing the ISMAR publications from the period of 2008–2017, in the context of the first ten years. The numbers of papers for different research topics and their impacts by citations were analyzed while reviewing them—which reveals that there is a sharp increase in AR evaluation and rendering research. Based on this review we offer some observations related to potential future research areas or trends, which could be helpful to AR researchers and industry members looking ahead.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In 2008, Zhou et al. presented a survey paper summarizing the previous ten years of ISMAR publications, which provided invaluable insights into the research challenges and trends associated with that time period. Ten years later, we review the research that has been presented at ISMAR conferences since the survey of Zhou et al., at a time when both academia and the AR industry are enjoying dramatic technological changes. Here we consider the research results and trends of the last decade of ISMAR by carefully reviewing the ISMAR publications from the period of 2008–2017, in the context of the first ten years. The numbers of papers for different research topics and their impacts by citations were analyzed while reviewing them—which reveals that there is a sharp increase in AR evaluation and rendering research. Based on this review we offer some observations related to potential future research areas or trends, which could be helpful to AR researchers and industry members looking ahead. |
 | Kangsoo Kim Improving Social Presence with a Virtual Human via Multimodal Physical–Virtual Interactivity in AR Inproceedings In: Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Montreal QC, Canada — April 21 - 26, 2018 , pp. SRC09:1–SRC09:6, ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2018, ISBN: 978-1-4503-5621-3. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Kim2018,
title = {Improving Social Presence with a Virtual Human via Multimodal Physical–Virtual Interactivity in AR},
author = {Kangsoo Kim},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Kim2018.pdf},
doi = {10.1145/3170427.3180291},
isbn = {978-1-4503-5621-3},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-26},
urldate = {2018-05-11},
booktitle = {Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Montreal QC, Canada — April 21 - 26, 2018 },
number = {SRC09},
pages = {SRC09:1--SRC09:6},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
series = {CHI EA '18},
abstract = {In a social context where a real human interacts with a virtual human (VH) in the same space, one's sense of social/co-presence with the VH is an important factor for the quality of interaction and the VH's social influence to the human user in context. Although augmented reality (AR) enables the superposition of VHs in the real world, the resulting sense of social/co-presence is usually far lower than with a real human. In this paper, we introduce a research approach employing multimodal interactivity between the virtual environment and the physical world, where a VH and a human user are co-located, to improve the social/co-presence with the VH. A preliminary study suggests a promising effect on the sense of copresence with a VH when a subtle airflow from a real fan can blow a virtual paper and curtains next to the VH as a physical–virtual interactivity. Our approach can be generalized to support social/co-presence with any virtual contents in AR beyond the particular VH scenarios.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In a social context where a real human interacts with a virtual human (VH) in the same space, one's sense of social/co-presence with the VH is an important factor for the quality of interaction and the VH's social influence to the human user in context. Although augmented reality (AR) enables the superposition of VHs in the real world, the resulting sense of social/co-presence is usually far lower than with a real human. In this paper, we introduce a research approach employing multimodal interactivity between the virtual environment and the physical world, where a VH and a human user are co-located, to improve the social/co-presence with the VH. A preliminary study suggests a promising effect on the sense of copresence with a VH when a subtle airflow from a real fan can blow a virtual paper and curtains next to the VH as a physical–virtual interactivity. Our approach can be generalized to support social/co-presence with any virtual contents in AR beyond the particular VH scenarios. |
2017
|
![[POSTER] The Impact of Avatar-owner Visual Similarity on Body Ownership in Immersive Virtual Reality](https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Jo2017.jpg) | Dongsik Jo; Kangsoo Kim; Gregory F Welch; Woojin Jeon; Yongwan Kim; Ki-Hong Kim; Gerard Jounghyun Kim [POSTER] The Impact of Avatar-owner Visual Similarity on Body Ownership in Immersive Virtual Reality Inproceedings In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 77:1–77:2, ACM, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-4503-5548-3. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Jo2017,
title = {[POSTER] The Impact of Avatar-owner Visual Similarity on Body Ownership in Immersive Virtual Reality},
author = {Dongsik Jo and Kangsoo Kim and Gregory F Welch and Woojin Jeon and Yongwan Kim and Ki-Hong Kim and Gerard Jounghyun Kim},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Jo2017.pdf},
doi = {10.1145/3139131.3141214},
isbn = {978-1-4503-5548-3},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-08},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology},
pages = {77:1--77:2},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {Gothenburg, Sweden},
series = {VRST '17},
abstract = {In this paper we report on an investigation of the effects of a self-avatar's visual similarity to a user's actual appearance, on their perceptions of the avatar in an immersive virtual reality (IVR) experience. We conducted a user study to examine the participant's sense of body ownership, presence and visual realism under three levels of avatar-owner visual similarity: (L1) an avatar reconstructed from real imagery of the participant's appearance, (L2) a cartoon-like virtual avatar created by a 3D artist for each participant, where the avatar shoes and clothing mimic that of the participant, but using a low-fidelity model, and (L3) a cartoon-like virtual avatar with a pre-defined appearance for the shoes and clothing. Surprisingly, the results indicate that the participants generally exhibited the highest sense of body ownership and presence when inhabiting the cartoon-like virtual avatar mimicking the outfit of the participant (L2), despite the relatively low participant similarity. We present our experiment and main findings, also, discuss the potential impact of a self-avatar's visual differences on human perceptions in IVR.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper we report on an investigation of the effects of a self-avatar's visual similarity to a user's actual appearance, on their perceptions of the avatar in an immersive virtual reality (IVR) experience. We conducted a user study to examine the participant's sense of body ownership, presence and visual realism under three levels of avatar-owner visual similarity: (L1) an avatar reconstructed from real imagery of the participant's appearance, (L2) a cartoon-like virtual avatar created by a 3D artist for each participant, where the avatar shoes and clothing mimic that of the participant, but using a low-fidelity model, and (L3) a cartoon-like virtual avatar with a pre-defined appearance for the shoes and clothing. Surprisingly, the results indicate that the participants generally exhibited the highest sense of body ownership and presence when inhabiting the cartoon-like virtual avatar mimicking the outfit of the participant (L2), despite the relatively low participant similarity. We present our experiment and main findings, also, discuss the potential impact of a self-avatar's visual differences on human perceptions in IVR. |
 | Salam Daher; Kangsoo Kim; Myungho Lee; Ryan Schubert; Gerd Bruder; Jeremy Bailenson; Greg Welch Effects of Social Priming on Social Presence with Intelligent Virtual Agents Book Chapter In: Beskow, Jonas; Peters, Christopher; Castellano, Ginevra; O'Sullivan, Carol; Leite, Iolanda; Kopp, Stefan (Ed.): Intelligent Virtual Agents: 17th International Conference, IVA 2017, Stockholm, Sweden, August 27-30, 2017, Proceedings, 10498 , pp. 87-100, Springer International Publishing, 2017. BibTeX | Links: @inbook{Daher2017ab,
title = {Effects of Social Priming on Social Presence with Intelligent Virtual Agents},
author = {Salam Daher and Kangsoo Kim and Myungho Lee and Ryan Schubert and Gerd Bruder and Jeremy Bailenson and Greg Welch},
editor = {Jonas Beskow and Christopher Peters and Ginevra Castellano and Carol O'Sullivan and Iolanda Leite and Stefan Kopp},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Daher2017ab.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-67401-8_10},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-08-26},
booktitle = {Intelligent Virtual Agents: 17th International Conference, IVA 2017, Stockholm, Sweden, August 27-30, 2017, Proceedings},
volume = {10498},
pages = {87-100},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
 | Kangsoo Kim; Divine Maloney; Gerd Bruder; Jeremy Bailenson; Greg Welch The effects of virtual human's spatial and behavioral coherence with physical objects on social presence in AR Journal Article In: Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 28 (3-4), pp. e1771-n/a, 2017. BibTeX | Links: @article{Kim2017b,
title = {The effects of virtual human's spatial and behavioral coherence with physical objects on social presence in AR},
author = {Kangsoo Kim and Divine Maloney and Gerd Bruder and Jeremy Bailenson and Greg Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Kim2017b.pdf},
doi = {10.1002/cav.1771},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-05-21},
journal = {Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds},
volume = {28},
number = {3-4},
pages = {e1771-n/a},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
![[POSTER] Can Social Presence be Contagious? Effects of Social Presence Priming on Interaction with Virtual Humans](https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Daher2017aa.png) | Salam Daher; Kangsoo Kim; Myungho Lee; Gerd Bruder; Ryan Schubert; Jeremy Bailenson; Greg Welch [POSTER] Can Social Presence be Contagious? Effects of Social Presence Priming on Interaction with Virtual Humans Inproceedings In: 3D User Interfaces (3DUI), 2017 IEEE Symposium on , 2017. BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Daher2017aa,
title = {[POSTER] Can Social Presence be Contagious? Effects of Social Presence Priming on Interaction with Virtual Humans},
author = {Salam Daher and Kangsoo Kim and Myungho Lee and Gerd Bruder and Ryan Schubert and Jeremy Bailenson and Greg Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Daher2017aa_red.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/3DUI.2017.7893341 },
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-18},
booktitle = {3D User Interfaces (3DUI), 2017 IEEE Symposium on },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
|
 | Kangsoo Kim; Arjun Nagendran; Jeremy N. Bailenson; Andrew Raij; Gerd Bruder; Myungho Lee; Ryan Schubert; Xin Yan; Gregory F. Welch A Large-Scale Study of Surrogate Physicality and Gesturing on Human–Surrogate Interactions in a Public Space Journal Article In: Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 4 , pp. 1-20, 2017, ISSN: 2296-9144. BibTeX | Links: @article{Kim2017,
title = {A Large-Scale Study of Surrogate Physicality and Gesturing on Human–Surrogate Interactions in a Public Space},
author = {Kangsoo Kim and Arjun Nagendran and Jeremy N. Bailenson and Andrew Raij and Gerd Bruder and Myungho Lee and Ryan Schubert and Xin Yan and Gregory F. Welch},
url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frobt.2017.00032
https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Kim2017.pdf},
doi = {10.3389/frobt.2017.00032},
issn = {2296-9144},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Robotics and AI},
volume = {4},
pages = {1-20},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
 | Kangsoo Kim; Gerd Bruder; Greg Welch Exploring the Effects of Observed Physicality Conflicts on Real-virtual Human Interaction in Augmented Reality Inproceedings In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 31:1–31:7, ACM, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-4503-5548-3. BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Kim2017a,
title = {Exploring the Effects of Observed Physicality Conflicts on Real-virtual Human Interaction in Augmented Reality},
author = { Kangsoo Kim and Gerd Bruder and Greg Welch},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3139131.3139151
https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Kim2017a.pdf},
doi = {10.1145/3139131.3139151},
isbn = {978-1-4503-5548-3},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology},
pages = {31:1--31:7},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {Gothenburg, Sweden},
series = {VRST '17},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
|
2016
|
 | Kangsoo Kim; Gerd Bruder; Divine Maloney; Greg Welch The influence of real human personality on social presence with a virtual human in augmented reality. Inproceedings In: Reiners, Dirk; Iwai, Daisuke; Steinicke, Frank (Ed.): ICAT‐EGVE 2016 ‐ International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments, The Eurographics Association Little Rock, AR, USA, 2016. BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{kim2016ab,
title = {The influence of real human personality on social presence with a virtual human in augmented reality.},
author = {Kangsoo Kim and Gerd Bruder and Divine Maloney and Greg Welch},
editor = {Dirk Reiners and Daisuke Iwai and Frank Steinicke},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Kim2016ab.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-12-07},
booktitle = {ICAT‐EGVE 2016 ‐ International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},
address = {Little Rock, AR, USA},
organization = {The Eurographics Association},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
|
![[POSTER] Exploring the Impact of Environmental Effects on Social Presence with a Virtual Human](https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Kim2016aa.png) | Kangsoo Kim; Ryan Schubert; Greg Welch [POSTER] Exploring the Impact of Environmental Effects on Social Presence with a Virtual Human Inproceedings In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2016), pp. 470–474, Los Angeles, CA, 2016. BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Kim2016aa,
title = {[POSTER] Exploring the Impact of Environmental Effects on Social Presence with a Virtual Human},
author = {Kangsoo Kim and Ryan Schubert and Greg Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Kim2016aa.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-09-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2016)},
volume = {10011},
pages = {470--474},
address = {Los Angeles, CA},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
|
![[POSTER] Exploring Social Presence Transfer in Real-Virtual Human Interaction](https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Daher2016aa.png) | Salam Daher; Kangsoo Kim; Myungho Lee; Andrew Raij; Ryan Schubert; Jeremy Bailenson; Greg Welch [POSTER] Exploring Social Presence Transfer in Real-Virtual Human Interaction Conference Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality 2016, Greenville, SC, USA, 2016. BibTeX | Links: @conference{Daher2016aa,
title = {[POSTER] Exploring Social Presence Transfer in Real-Virtual Human Interaction},
author = {Salam Daher and Kangsoo Kim and Myungho Lee and Andrew Raij and Ryan Schubert and Jeremy Bailenson and Greg Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Daher2016aa.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality 2016},
address = {Greenville, SC, USA},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
 | Myungho Lee; Kangsoo Kim; Salam Daher; Andrew Raij; Ryan Schubert; Jeremy Bailenson; Gregory Welch The wobbly table: Increased social presence via subtle incidental movement of a real-virtual table Inproceedings In: 2016 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR), pp. 11-17, 2016. BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Lee2016,
title = {The wobbly table: Increased social presence via subtle incidental movement of a real-virtual table},
author = {Myungho Lee and Kangsoo Kim and Salam Daher and Andrew Raij and Ryan Schubert and Jeremy Bailenson and Gregory Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Lee2016.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/VR.2016.7504683},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-01},
booktitle = {2016 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR)},
pages = {11-17},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
|
2015
|
 | Kangsoo Kim; Greg Welch Maintaining and Enhancing Human-Surrogate Presence in Augmented Reality Inproceedings In: Proceedings of IEEE ISMAR 2015 Workshop on Human Perception and Psychology in Augmented Reality, 2015. BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Kim2015ab,
title = {Maintaining and Enhancing Human-Surrogate Presence in Augmented Reality},
author = {Kangsoo Kim and Greg Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Kim2015ab.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE ISMAR 2015 Workshop on Human Perception and Psychology in Augmented Reality},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
|
 | Kangsoo Kim; Arjun Nagendran; Jeremy Bailenson; Greg Welch Expectancy Violations Related to a Virtual Human's Joint Gaze Behavior in Real-Virtual Human Interactions Inproceedings In: pp. 5–8, 2015. BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{Kim2015aa,
title = {Expectancy Violations Related to a Virtual Human's Joint Gaze Behavior in Real-Virtual Human Interactions},
author = {Kangsoo Kim and Arjun Nagendran and Jeremy Bailenson and Greg Welch},
url = {https://sreal.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Kim2015aa.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-05-01},
journal = {Proceedings 28th Annual Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2015)},
pages = {5--8},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
|
